Putrescine-functionalized carbon quantum dot (put-CQD) nanoparticles effectively prime grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Sultana’) against salt stress

Abstract Background Salinity is an important global problem with destructive impacts on plants leading to different biochemical and metabolic changes in through induced oxidative stress that disturbs metabolism, growth, performance productivity of plants. Given putrescine (Put) carbon quantum dots (CQDs), individually, have promising effects plant processes, the idea their combination a nano-structure “Put-CQD” lead its synthesis evaluate potential exertion synergistic effects. The current study aimed investigate application newly-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) consisting CQDs Put grapevine ( Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Sultana’) under salinity conditions. For this purpose, Put, Put-CQD NPs at 5 10 mg L ? 1 concentrations were applied as chemical priming agents ‘Sultana’ 48 h prior imposition (0 100 mM NaCl). Results significantly decreased P ? 0.05) morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters membrane stability index. In addition, enhanced MDA, H 2 O , proline content antioxidant enzyme activity. revealed NPs, particularly concentration, alleviated by improving leaf fresh dry weights, K + content, SPAD total phenolics enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP SOD), while decreasing Na EL, MDA levels. Conclusion To conclude, represent innovative treatment could be effectively improve